Many Canadians associate sun protection with hot summer afternoons, but ultraviolet radiation can affect the skin and eyes even when the sky is cloudy or the air feels cool. Environment and Climate Change Canada says the UV Index measures the strength of the sun’s ultraviolet rays. The higher the UV Index, the greater the potential harm to the skin and eyes.
The federal government groups UV levels into five categories. A UV Index of 0 to 2 is considered low, while levels of 3 to 5 are moderate and levels of 6 to 7 are high. Levels of 8 to 10 are considered very high, while a reading of 11 or higher is classified as extreme.
In Canada, the risk of UV exposure is generally highest from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. and from April to September. Cloud cover does not eliminate the risk of sunburn. Environment and Climate Change Canada also notes that southern Ontario records some of the highest UV Index values in the country, making sun protection especially important for residents across the Greater Toronto Area.
Health Canada recommends using sunscreen when the UV Index is 3 or higher. Canadians should select sunscreen labelled broad spectrum and water resistant with an SPF of at least 30. Sunscreen should be applied generously and reapplied every two hours, as well as after swimming or heavy sweating.
Protective clothing is also important. A wide brimmed hat, clothing that covers exposed skin and sunglasses with UVA and UVB protection can reduce exposure. Seeking shade and limiting time outdoors during the strongest sunlight hours can provide additional protection, especially for children and people spending long periods outside.
Sun safety is not limited to beach days. UV rays can reflect from water, sand, concrete and snow. Regular protection can help reduce sunburns, eye damage, premature skin aging and the long term risk of skin cancer.
